Everything about Hubbard Glacier totally explained
Hubbard Glacier is a tidewater
glacier in the
U.S. state of
Alaska and the
Yukon Territory of
Canada. From its source in the Yukon, the glacier stretches 122 km (76 mi) to the sea at
Yakutat Bay and
Disenchantment Bay. It is the longest tidewater glacier in Alaska, with an open calving face over ten kilometers (6 mi) wide.
Details
Hubbard Glacier’s longest source, 122 km from its snout, is at about 11,000 feet above sea level at about 61-00N 140-09 W, about eight kilometers west of Mt. Walsh. A shorter tributary glacier begins at the easternmost summit on the Mt. Logan ridge at about 18,300 feet at about 60-35 N 140-22-40 W.
Before it reaches the sea, Hubbard is joined by the Valerie Glacier to the west, which, through forward surges of its own ice, has contributed to the advance of the ice flow that experts believe will eventually dam the
Russell Fiord from Disenchantment Bay waters.
The Hubbard Glacier ice margin has continued to advance for about a century. In
May 1986, the Hubbard Glacier surged forward, blocking the outlet of Russell Fiord and creating "Russell Lake." All that summer the new lake filled with runoff; its water level rose 25 meters, and the decrease in
salinity threatened its sea life.
Around midnight on
October 8 the dam began to give way. In the next 24 hours an estimated 5.3 km³ of water gushed through the gap, and the
fiord was reconnected to the ocean at its previous level. The fiord could become dammed again, and perhaps permanently. If this happens, the fiord could overflow its southern banks and drain through the Situk River instead, threatening
trout habitat and a local airport.
The ice at the foot of Hubbard Glacier is about 400 years old: it takes that long for ice to traverse the length of the glacier. The glacier routinely calves off
icebergs the size of a ten-story building. Where the glacier meets the shore, most of the ice is below the waterline, and newly calved icebergs can shoot up quite dramatically, so that ships must keep their distance from it as they ply their way up and down the coast.
Cited references
Further Information
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